Is SPAM A Tradition At Your 4th July Picnic?

Video from Prairie Public

Hormel Girls, jobs for women veterans of World War II and to promote Hormel products Note: Of the more than 140,000 women who served in the Women's Army Corps during World War II, about 6,500 of them were Black. Due to segregation, they were not represented with the  Hormel Girls.

The Minneapolis Star, Jul 1937

Country In Turmoil: Independence Day
Still recovering from WWII, which ended on 2 September 1945, SPAM was touted for that Independence Day, 4th of July, picnic. 

The Plain Dealer, Ohio,  2 Jul 1947

The addition of SPAM to potato salad gave some green light to ruining potato salad.

Was this practice encouraged by SPAM lovers?

 

I hear, have not tasted, but have seen on social media, that some add "raisins" to potato salad. 

Trademark: May 1937

The Indianapolis News, 27 May 1937

What Does SPAM Stand for?
Jun 1937: First ads were in.Minnesota as a "New Luncheon Meat."  Yet, for some reason, it claims its anniversary as July 5 (1937).

In the Jul 1937 newspaper, it suggests Spam, was perhaps SPecial  hAM. Yeah, that could be a
stretch.

23 Jul 1937, The Albert Lea Tribune, MN

Other's have nicked amed it by ingredients"

 Shoulder of Pork, American Meat 

or 

 Specialty Processed American Meat

Why is it Great for 4th of July Day?

Well, if you ask me, it's not good for consumption. Mother brought it home once, maybe twice, to try these delicious (NOT) recipes originally posted in the Post Bulletin, Minnesota, 31 Jul 1937. Perhaps she was convinced that this is what "Smart Women" did. 

In a family of six, it was rejected 100%, with the loudest "NO VOTE" being Mother's. That was the 1960s, too early for Nancy Reagan's "Just SAY NO campaign." 

For more reading: 
How Spam Went from Canned Necessity to American Icon, Smithsonian Magazine.

May your Independence Day Celebrations be Safe, Full of Fun, and very QUIET fireworks!

Kathleen Bramdt

Researching 10 Midwest German Immigrant Groups

 

The American Midwest is rich with the cultural footprints of German-speaking immigrants. These settlers didn’t just come from Germany itself, they arrived from former German colonies in Eastern Europe and other regions with strong German communities. As a family historian, understanding these unique groups can help you identify your ancestor’s origins and migration patterns more accurately. Here are ten of the most influential German-speaking groups that shaped the Midwest, but don't forget your Kansas German Settlers: 8 Tips - Researching Midwest German Ancestors 

Major Kansas German Settlements 

1. Volga Germans

Volga settlement 

Origin: Volga River region, Russia (originally emigrated from Germany in the 1760s)
Midwest Settlement: Kansas, Nebraska, North/South Dakota, Colorado
Religion: Lutheran, Catholic
Genealogy Tip: Look for church records, immigration rosters, and village name indexes.

2. Black Sea Germans
Origin: Southern Russia and Ukraine (Schwarzmeerdeutsche)
Midwest Settlement: North Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska
Religion: Mixed (Catholic, Lutheran, Mennonite)
Genealogy Tip: Check Russian imperial records, EWZ files, and Dakota church registers.

3. Bukovina Germans
Origin: Bukovina (now in Ukraine/Romania, part of former Austro-Hungary)
Midwest Settlement: Wisconsin, Illinois, North Dakota
Religion: Catholic, Lutheran
Genealogy Tip: Explore Austrian military records, Galician censuses, and passenger lists.

4. Banat Swabians
Origin: Banat region (Romania, Serbia, Hungary)
Midwest Settlement: Ohio, Illinois, Indiana
Religion: Roman Catholic
Genealogy Tip: Use Danube Swabian village maps and local parish archives.

5. Donauschwaben (Danube Swabians)
Origin: Settled in Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia; originally from Swabia, Bavaria, Austria
Midwest Settlement: St. Louis, Cincinnati, Chicago
Religion: Catholic, Lutheran
Genealogy Tip: Explore German expellee databases and village family books (Ortsfamilienbücher).

6. Silesians
Origin: Silesia (now in Poland, formerly Prussian territory)
Midwest Settlement: Wisconsin, Minnesota
Religion: Primarily Catholic
Genealogy Tip: Search Prussian Catholic parish registers and immigration manifests.

7. Pomeranians and Mecklenburgers
Origin: Northeast Germany (Pomerania, Mecklenburg)
Midwest Settlement: Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas
Religion: Lutheran
Genealogy Tip: Explore Lutheran church records and Pomeranian Heimat books.

8. Swiss Germans
Origin: German-speaking Switzerland
Midwest Settlement: Indiana, Ohio, Illinois
Religion: Mennonite, Amish, Lutheran
Genealogy Tip: Use Mennonite Heritage Centers and Swiss civil registers.

9. Bavarians
German Settlements in Missouri
This is nicknamed the Rhineland Counties of MO. In Missouri, the early settlers of the “Rhineland” region covered 11 counties

Figure 1 Image: Ozark Watch website

Origin: Bavaria (southern Germany)
Midwest Settlement: Missouri, Wisconsin, Minnesota
Religion: Roman Catholic
Genealogy Tip: Search German Catholic diocesan records and brewery directories!

10. Pennsylvania Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch)
Origin: Originally settled in Pennsylvania; many migrated west
Midwest Settlement: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
Religion: Amish, Mennonite, Lutheran, Reformed
Genealogy Tip: Look into Amish directories, Pennsylvania Dutch Bibles, and land grant records.

Final Thought: Knowing which German-speaking group your ancestors belonged to can open the door to the right records, the correct language or dialect, and even their cultural values. Whether your ancestor was a Volga farmer or a Bavarian brewer, their journey helped shape the American Midwest, and your story.

Have you discovered your own German-speaking heritage? Share your findings or questions in the comments!

7 Steps to Black Hawk Street

Across America, there are streets named after Presidents, prominent figures, soldiers, wars, notable Native Americans, etc. Street names echo the values, fears, and headlines of the people who put them there. Street names are threads connecting towns to broader national events. 

We may never know whether the street name was meant as a warning, a memorial, or even a reluctant gesture of respect. But rarely was it just random. 

Tracing Early Footsteps

1868 Platte Deed of Black Hawk Street
 Platte. Deeds 1866–1870

Tucked into the riverfront hills of Weston, Missouri, Black Hawk Street winds quietly through town, steeped in the kind of history that rarely makes headlines but is never quite forgotten. While the street is familiar to locals today, the origin of its name has long puzzled historians. Why “Black Hawk”? Who named it? And what stories were they trying to preserve—or perhaps bury?

7 Tips to Tracing Street Names 

1) Determine when was the town platted, settled, or squatted?

BLM GLO, 1840

Land was being settled as early as 1837, just after the Platte Purchase of 1836 made the land legally available for U.S. settlement. The Military Reserve was set aside in 1838. The original survey, above, for the entire Platte was in 1840. The survey was from 1 Oct 1839 to 24 Jun 1840.

2) Uncover the first use of the street name. 
In Weston, I was able to pull an 1843 land deed. This was about six years after the town was purchased.

See below for the notes of the official survey of land, which concluded 22 Jul 1843. Survey of land.

1843

3) Locate old local maps and city formation within the state.

Black Hawk Street isn’t just an old name on a map. It’s a thread connecting Weston to broader national events: the Indian wars, the opening of new territories, and the cultural shifts that shaped Missouri. 

Image: https://mdh.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/mainstreet/id/9/rec/1

4) Review Local and National News 
Was the name of your street of interest at the time?  Remember, it's not random, not an accident, there's a tie. Always a time. check out the contemporary Presidents, prominent figures, soldiers, wars, notable Native Americans. 

In our example, it really was Black Hawk that raised our interest. 

Who was Black Hawk? 
Black Hawk (1767–1838) was a war leader of the Sauk tribe, best known for leading resistance during the Black Hawk War of 1832 in present-day Illinois and Wisconsin. Though defeated, Black Hawk became a legendary figure in American frontier history. 

Given the timing, it’s likely that Weston settlers, freshly arrived after the Platte Purchase came in from Illinois and Wisconsin. Black Hawk's legend was still circulating widely in newspapers, books, and military lore when the Platte was purchased. Black Hawk died in 1838. 

5) Don't Forget the Territories

1838 - 1842 Territorial Map

Why is it that people forget that before states, there were colonies or territories? The information you are looking for may be in the Territorial collections usually found in the State Archives. Researchers must be familiar with the territory and state formations.

For example, If I'm wanting to research my Sauk Tribe Leader, Black Hawk, I have to cover the Iowa territory. It is borders Wisconsin, Illinois and Missouri. It was Black Hawk territory! He even died in 1838, the southeastern Iowa Territory on the Des Moines River.

6) State Archives and Bureau of Land Management

You aren't just looking for your street name. Be sure to expand your search. The early platted state required clearing of the land, selling the land for distribution, surveyor notes, and early town plans. 

Keep in mind that surveyors may not have been from the area.  In the case of Weston, MO, the survey was for the entire Platte was out of St Louis. (Surveyors Office) 

7) Pull deeds with the name of the street you are researching. I use Familysearch AI to quickly extract those.  In doing so, I understood why Black Hawk name was not solid on the earlier plats.  It was officially called Buckeye Street. 

"Buckeye Street or as better known and called Black Hawk Street"

Here's another example from an 1867 deed

 West side of Buckeye Street or Blackhawk . Street thence

More must be learned in this case. It is not known whyy Buckeye was also called Buchanan. It appears that it continued to Blackhawk St. 

...side of Buchanan or Buckeye street ( Black Hawk Continued)

Next Step

Research the connection to Buchanan St, Buckeye Street or Black Hawk Street. 

This is far from a brickwall unless all of your available resources have been scoured. 

Sources:

• Missouri Digital Heritage. Main Street Weston Collection. Link

• Platte County Deeds, 1866–1870. FamilySearch

• Platte County Deeds, 1892. FamilySearch

More Resources
5 Resources to Tracing Missouri Territorial Ancestors

Read more about Weston:
In June 2025 we highlighted Weston, MO. WESTON – CELEBRATING 175 YEARS!
Juneteenth - What Are You Celebrating?

Juneteenth - What Are You Celebrating?

Juneteenth, a blend of “June” and “nineteenth” marks the day in 1865 (19 Jun 1865)when enslaved African Americans in Galveston, TX, were finally informed of their freedom. Texas, the most remote slave-holding state, was the last to receive Union troops to enforce emancipation hence Juneteenth’s powerful legacy. That's when the Union troops arrived in Galveston, TX. This was over two years after President Abraham Lincoln had issued the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation.

Everyone Did Not Celebrate

Due to the mass exodus of ex-slaves from Texas to other states and communities, small Juneteenth celebrations were held across the nation as early as the 1866's, not just in Texas. It was also customary, especially in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Kansas, for the previously enslaved Texans to return to their family community for the Juneteenth festivities annually. Early celebrations included readings of the Emancipation Proclamation. Plus, it was a great time to have a family reunion!

Did You Know?

All Enslaved People Were Not Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

          36  U.S. states by end of the Civil War

          25  Union States: 21 Free State

                                        4  Slave States 

          11  Confederate States (claimed secession)

A small forgotten detail by the masses is the fact that the Emancipation Proclamation only freed the enslaved people of the eleven states that formed the Confederacy. The Emancipation Proclamation did not free the enslaved people in the other Union states. 

Texas joined the Confederacy in 1861. Their enslaved people were freed 1 Jan 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation could only be enforced if the Union military was in place and had the military power to free the enslaved people.
Note: This was easier on the states along waterways.

Year	Event	Notes
1861	Start of the Civil War	Eleven Southern states secede, forming the Confederacy.
Sept 22, 1862	Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation	Lincoln warns that enslaved people in rebellious states will be freed if rebellion continues.
Jan 1, 1863	Emancipation Proclamation	Slaves in Confederate states are declared free, but enforcement relies on Union military success.
April 1865	Civil War ends	Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders. Slavery remains in border Union states.
June 19, 1865	Juneteenth	Union troops arrive in Galveston, Texas. Slavery officially ended in Texas.
Dec 6, 1865	13th Amendment ratified	Slavery becomes illegal in all U.S. states, including Union states

There were five non-Confederate States, the "Border States," that held enslaved peoples. It was legal to have "slaves" in the Union States until there was a state-level action or through the 13th Amendment, ratified on December 6, 1865. 

The enslaved people in the following states were not freed by the 1861 Emancipation Proclamation 

1. Delaware - Never seceded.  Rejected both the Emancipation Proclamation and voluntary abolition before the 13th Amendment.

2. Maryland - Abolished slavery on November 1, 1864, through a new state constitution.

3. Kentucky - Maintained slavery until the 13th Amendment. 

4. Missouri -The pro-Union government abolished slavery in January 1865 by state action before the 13th Amendment was passed.

5. West Virginia (A new state in 1863)
   Allowed slavery at statehood but abolished it in February 1865.
   West VA had just become a state in 1863, and is historically lumped in with the "Border States."

For more reading:
Juneteenth - Our Ancestors Knew: Celebrated Across the Nation

   TracingAncestors.org

Taxing Sunlight and Fresh Air? The Window Tax

Note: This educational blog post is based on:

The Hutsville Times, 27 Apr 1937, pg 7

During the American Revolution, Virginia faced financial pressure to support its war efforts against Britain. To meet these demands, the General Assembly enacted a series of taxes in 1781. One such tax was a tax on glass windows. Yes, sunlight became a commodity. Well, sunlight and fresh air!

The proposed tax on windows vs. a "real estate" tax in Virginia to recover the funding deficit from the Revolutionary War.

Hening's Statutes at Large, Volume 10: Virginia, FHL 007940049, It #2, pg 280

This emergency homeowners' tax was based on the number of windows in their houses. (Hening’s Statutes, vol. 10, p. 280.) It was to last three years, and it only counted windows with glass, which eliminated the lowest economic cohort that would likely have had only shutters because they couldn’t afford glass. Here’s the Virginia law: 

“A tax or rate of one shilling for every glass window shall be paid by the proprietor of each inhabited house within the commonwealth in the month of September 1781, and so on in each of the three next succeeding years.” The law goes on to list other taxes, calling them “urgent necessities of this commonwealth” due to the war.

Keep in mind, we were a newly formed nation in need of recovering from the costly war, so many states actually considered the Window Tax, but quickly squashed the idea because it was an England-based tax. Even the Virginia law was quickly appealed, before ever really reaching the implementation stage. 

Origin of This Tax - England? 

England Implementation of Window Tax

The Window Tax was a property tax introduced in England and Wales in 1696 (later extended to Scotland in 1748) under the reign of King William III. It taxed homeowners based on the number of windows in a building. The purpose was essentially a way to tax wealth indirectly—larger homes with more windows suggested greater wealth.

The 1798 Tax in the Colonies
However, there were later successful attempts in the USA to fund the War with France. In 1798, we know the real estate tax in America was based on windows, and Pennsylvanians were not happy about it. Listen here as Julie explains: 

 

Full Podcast: Unraveling Forensic Genealogy With Juli Whittaker

What You May Find

Pennsylvania, U.S., U.S. Direct Tax Lists, 1798 for William Scarlitt

• Name of the property owner or occupant

• Description of buildings (number of stories, materials)

• Number of windows and total property value

• Acreage and land valuation

• Sometimes even names of tenants or neighbor

Where to Find Records 
Use keywords: “1798 direct tax” + [State or County]

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 

Pittsburgh

, 

Pittsburgh

, 

4 Feb 1941

, 

Page 23

1. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
   Locate  original federal tax lists, assessment rolls, and schedules for many counties
2.  FamilySearch.org
    Digitized 1798 tax records for some states.
3. Ancestry.com
   “Tax, Criminal, Land & Wills” or “U.S. Direct Tax Lists, 1798”
   Indexed and digitized tax lists, especially for Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.
4. State Archives and Historical Societies
   I have had good luck finding these records in these states: 
   Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Archives
   Massachusetts: Massachusetts Archives
   Virginia: Library of Virginia
   
5. Library of Congress
   Federal tax documents, historical maps, and district valuations are accessible.
6. Reference Books
   The 1798 Federal Direct Tax: Pennsylvania and the Fries Rebellion"

Even later, though, this tax was not favored and quickly repealed with the help of a small insurrectionist against the U.S. Government led by John Fries, PA.

Fries's Rebellion led German-American farmers in eastern Pennsylvania to resist the tax. They viewed it as a violation of their rights. Although Fries was convicted of treason in 1799 - 1800, and was sentenced to death, President Adams issued a pardon. 

Aurora General Advertiser, Wed, Feb 13, 1805 ·Page 2

My thoughts go to the lyrics of one of Hamilton's songs (the musical): 

This financial plan is an outrageous demand

And it’s too many [darn] pages for any man to understand

Stand with me in the land of the free

And pray to God we never see Hamilton’s candidacy

Look, when Britain taxed our tea, we got frisky
Imagine what gon’ happen when you try to tax our whisky.

 Perhaps it should have said windows!

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The Tracing Ancestors Board, (formerly a3Genealogy)

Forensic Genealogy to Bash Brickwalls

Are you staring at a brick wall in your genealogy research? You know, the kind that refuses to budge no matter how many records you dig through? If so, it's time to bring in one of the big tools:

 forensic genealogy

Forensic genealogy goes beyond hobby research. It's the marriage of deep historical investigation, legal standards, and technology like DNA testing. These are all used to bring down your family brickwalls. So, the first thing to tackle is knowingg the different niches within this field? Each one holds powerful techniques that could help break through your toughest family mysteries.

We created the graphic to showcase the nine main niches of forensic genealogy, all of which offer clues, records, and strategies that you might not have considered.

Let’s explore how some of these specialties can help you overcome common brick walls:

1.  Heir Research and Probate Cases

Are you stuck on a family member who “disappeared” from records? Probate research can help. Forensic genealogists often locate missing heirs by reconstructing family groups using state and federal census records, land deeds and legal transactions, and court documents. These methods are accessible and mostly free. We start with familysearch.org or government bounty records. The only difference is that you can use that copy of the record to extract family names and transactions without paying for the certified document if you wish. But, be sure to cite your source with the link. 

2. Unknown Parentage and Adoptions
Whether you're adopted or trying to identify a mystery great-grandparent, this niche uses genetic genealogy and advanced DNA techniques to pinpoint biological relatives. We used the familiar DNA tests: familytreeDNA, MyHeritage, and Ancestry.com. With tools like GEDmatch, and chromosome analysis tools (my favorite is MyHeritage), you can map out hidden branches on your family tree.

3. Military Repatriation / POW-MIA Research
Do you have a brickwall in your family military research? Forensic genealogists often work with the government to identify unknown remains. These same skills—like tracking enlistment patterns, researching regimental histories, or locating descendants of service members—can help you connect missing pieces in your family’s military legacy. Plus, if your veteran did not utilize benefits, you may be able to give him a proper burial, and request his medals from WWI and WWII, etc. 

At Tracing Ancestors.org we have the Eternal Valor Network. Be sure to read about it. And if you get the urge, donate to the annual drive. 

4. Land and Property Disputes
I know I mentioned land records earlier, but I have to remind you...follow the money! If there's a lawsuit filled with community testimonies and the spilling out of family gossip, it is a property dispute. This is a great resource if you’ve hit a wall with property ownership or migration patterns. Land records can reveal long-lost family ties. Most often, forensic genealogists trace land transfers, boundary changes, and property disputes to identify rightful heirs. Same job, different purpose. Both are used to figure out where your ancestors went, and why. 

I had ancestors who left land in Rutherford County, NC because they had to escape with a two-day notice that the local KKK had plans to burn down much of the town, and they were targeted. They fled to Cocke County, Tennessee, in the middle of the night, and didn't sell their land until almost eight years later. They had chosen not to return to Rutherford but to settle in the newly opened lands in Kansas. Their entire story was in land records. 

5. Tribal Enrollment and Indigenous Descent
I know you have a grandparent who will promise under oath that your family has native heritage. Proving or disproving Native American ancestry often requires meticulous documentation and lineage tracking. This work also demands historical accuracy and understanding of the law at the time. At a3Genealogy Research we used to gather the documents for 6 to 8 of these cases a year! Even if disproven, you will be gathering a lot of data on your ancestors. Actually, I think the rejections are the best. There is a lot of information to include names, dates, and places of birth, in those back-and-forth correspondence letters and testimonies. Plus, I have yet to leave these research projects without uncovering a new family member, or finally uncovering a birth or death date.

We will discuss the other four (4) at a later time.

So How Can You Use These Niches?
You don’t have to be a forensic genealogist to benefit from their tools. Here’s how to start:

• Analyze your brick wall: Is it related to identity, location, military service, or a legal issue?
• Match it to a niche: Refer to the graphic above and identify which forensic specialty might offer solutions.
• Study their techniques: Read case studies, listen to forensic genealogy podcasts (like Hittin’ the Bricks with Kathleen!), and explore how professionals solve similar challenges.
• Use DNA smartly: Combine traditional research with DNA testing to validate and explore new relationships.

Forensic genealogy isn’t just for solving cold cases or identifying unknown soldiers. It’s for anyone who wants to go deeper, think smarter, and uncover the stories hiding behind a brick wall.

Ready to learn more? Subscribe to our podcast, and keep exploring (linktr.ee/hittinthebricks).

Update:
Yes, after 3 years, you will be finally get the new (no so new) look.

The a3Genealogy blog has been donated to TracingAncestors.org (2023).

Tax Records and Genealogy

Georgia Commercial Tax Digest and Directory, 1851, ancestry.com 

What Can Tax Records Add to Your Elusive Ancestor's Story?
Using Tax Lists for genealogy is not new.  We even run into them on Ancestry for our ancestors. But it appears to be an underutilized tool. Perhaps, we don't know the depth of information hidden in these rather simple taxes. Plus, applied taxes were not uniform, so for every ancestor, you needed to know the laws of the time in "that" locale. 

• Place of residency and location based on years can fill in the census gaps. Tax lists provide exact locations, including townships or counties, year by year. In areas where census or church records are missing, tax rolls may be the only surviving documentation placing your ancestor in a time and place.
• Economic Status & Property Ownership. We must corroborate data to prove we are tracing the same person with a common name (ie, Ann McMahan, John Smith, Samuel Thompson). What is an easier way to do this than proving property ownership via descriptions? Tax records provide a rough outline for our research plan. Often, tax records list land acreage, number of livestock, slaves (in the South), or household goods that can be cross-referenced by agricultural records and proven in tax records. It also gives insights into your ancestor's wealth or social class and may distinguish the planter Samuel Thompson from the small farm renter of the same name.
• Uncovering Age Hints.  In colonial and early American communities, tax lists often show militia service, civic roles, or jury duty by association. A poll tax list may indicate those eligible for voting or military service, which often provides an age range. Following tax lists year to year may pinpoint when a son became of age. 
  The "tick mark census records paired with tax records, can assist in identifying children, specifically males in the household. It may also prove or disprove a suggestion that multiple families were living in the same house. I love analyzing poll taxes for this purpose. 
• Family Connections. Families often appear together or near one another on tax rolls, helping you link relatives or identify neighbors who may be kin by marriage or association. It can also identify or suggest your ancestor's religion based on the community they settled in or their migratory path. As we analyze tax records annually, changes over the years (e.g., son replacing father on tax lists) can hint at deaths, inheritance, or generational shifts.
  
• Occupation or Trade. Some taxing records specify types of property or licenses (like mills, taverns, or distilleries), shedding light on how your ancestor earned a living.

6 Types of Tax Records
(but there are more!)

Tax Checklist for a3Genealogy

Recently, Heather Jenkins, a guest on Hittin' the Bricks with Kathleen, the brickwall genealogy podcast, gave listeners an overview with examples of how she uncovers information in tax records. So let's talk about the ones she covered. She suggests you begin with the following: 

1. Poll taxes
2. Land taxes
3. Property taxes

Colonial Times' Taxing Practices. For Colonial Times, you will want to check out the local jurisdiction at that time. I find poll taxes very useful, especially in colonial times. Prior to the USA stripping women of voting rights, women were able to vote in early colonial times. Here's a blog post that discusses this: Genealogy Hints on Poll Tax & Voter Registration Docs, 5 Nov 2024

      4. Colonial Personal Property Tax Records, 1782 - 1786
      5. Tithable Taxes and Rent Rolls pre 1782.

1760 Memorandum List of Tithables

    6. Excise Tax: Again, this tax was since colonial times.

Podcast: Heather Jenkins mentioned billiard tables,

ancestry.com, Connecticut, U.S., Excise Tax Lists, 1865-1874 for Elite Billiard Rm.

We know about the molasses, rum, and sugar in the Sugar Act of 1764. It also included alcohol (Whiskey Rebellion, PA 1794), tobacco, luxury items like salt, and carriages. We can even see billiard tables, as Heather mentioned on the podcast! (FHL #007846292)

Billiard Tables, FamilyHistory

We see what is deemed luxury and taxed later: playing cards, cosmetics, gunpowder, etc. Imported goods from India and Europe were also taxed. We also see luxury taxes placed on playing cards, cosmetics, and gunpowder.

You may uncover Excise Tax lists from online databases (familysearch.org, ancestry.com, or fold3), but these records may also be found in the NARA (RG5 8), State Archives, and Historical Societies. And don't forget the Library of Congress.

Unfamiliar and need a primer?
Here are a few great information articles:

• Using Early Tax List for Genealogy in KY, VA, and TN
  (If you see broken links, just let me know.) 
• Historical Tax List at Ancestry Family History Learning Hub

Researchers may also see "Rent-Rolls." Even within a colony, tithables were not consistent. Some included free African Americans householders, others did not; some colonies used the head of household, but others used different criteria. Tithables per colony, and even within the colonies, were not applied uniformly. Here are a few resources:

Georgia, U.S., Property Tax Digests, 1793-1892
Pennsylvania, U.S., Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801
Tennessee, U.S., Early Tax List Records, 1783-1895
Ohio, U.S., Tax Records, 1800-1850